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This book traces the beginning of the process of nation-formation, the struggle for independence, the hopeful beginning of the new nation-state of Indonesia only to be followed by hard and difficult ways to remain true to the ideals of independence. In the process Indonesia with its sprawling archipelago and its multi-ethnic and multi-religious nation has to undergo various types of crisis and internal conflicts, but the ideals that have been nurtured since the beginning when a new nation beg

This article is seen as one response to the Clash of Civilization thesis and wanted to test the accuracy of the analysis of Samuel Huntington back in the context of the uniqueness of Islam in Indonesia.The story begins when Samuel P. Huntington - the famous political scientist from the highly prestigious Harvard Uinversity and a citizen of the most powerful nation - writes an article, entitled "The Clash of Civilization?" in foreign Affair.DOI:10.15408/sdi.v5i2.754

In this article, the author describes how the inhabitants of the archipelago, since the first relationship with the Netherlands at the end of the 16th century AD to the present, developing an overview of the various foreign entrants. Various picture developed among the natives of the strangers of particular interest because it reflects the understanding of their relationship with the Dutch settlers. The picture serves as a means to make other people more intelligible to the stranger. The picture also serves as a tool to make the relationship with the stranger seemed more acceptable. Because knowledge of the indigenous population of the Netherlands is increasing, the nature of their relationship with the Netherlands is changing.DOI:10.15408/sdi.v1i3.848

One may not always agree with the term used as the title of the book, but in his already classic study on ancient Southeast Asia, Coedès has shown that despite local differences and regional variations, this region shares similar sense of unity. Hinduisation or, rather, Indianisation in statecraft and religion was the basis of this sense of unity. Not only were Sanskrit and Pali the official languages of the original texts of the religion, Hinduisation also provided commonly shared high cultural symbols. In other words, despite political instability in inter-state relations and trading competition that continued to disturb whatever type of stability had been attained, the world of Southeast Asia, and particularly the historic Indonesian archipelago, shared a number of cultural traits, that were clearly manifested in the conduct of political affairs and religion.

If in the First Conference, which was held in New Delhi in January 1985, the main theme of the papers was focussed on social development in the first half of the twentieth century, while that of the Second Conference held in Leiden in September 1985 shifted to the nineteenth century, particularly on various aspects such as bureaucratic tradition, population changes, and cottage industries, the central theme of the Third Conference concentrated on historical dynamics in pre- and early colonial India and Indonesia. State formation, socio-political aspects of Islam, and early-colonial policies were the major topics discussed at the Conference.

Studies in entrepreneurship do not classify survivalists as 'true' entrepreneurs because they lack 'essential' entrepreneurship characteristics such as an orientation towards innovation and growth. Thus, survivalists are perceived as lesser entrepreneurs or the poorer cousins of opportunity-driven entrepreneurs. This study re-evaluates this perception by focusing on street food vendors because even though they play a significant role in the hospitality industry in many countries, they are often neglected in the hospitality sector and associated academic research. Online, unstructured interviews were conducted with 25 street food vendors in Bandung, Indonesia, and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that street food vendors (i.e. survivalists) possess a variety of entrepreneurial characteristics, including achievement orientation, seizing business opportunities, risk-taking behaviour, innovativeness and efficient resource utilization. Thus, it is argued that they deserve to be recognized as entrepreneurs as well.

The phenomenon of corvid 19 is a phenomenon that affects people's social changes to get used to a new social order called the "new normal". In an effort to reduce the number of people affected by corvid 19, the government has made various efforts through programs to comply with established health protocols. On the other hand, the success of suppressing the spread of corvid 19 is influenced by the role of women in prohibiting families from leaving the house and educating them to comply with health protocols set by the government. This study uses ground theory by paying attention to the behavior shown by the research subjects in achieving the corvid 19 phenomenon. The research approach carried out uses a qualitative approach that makes Acehnese women the object of research. The results showed that Acehnese women were able to provide stimulus in order to suppress the spread of corvid 19 during the pandemic. A different attitude is shown in the vaccination program, where Acehnese women experience a situation of distrust due to news information and government policies that are considered inconsistent.